#: locale=en ## Action ### PDF PopupPDFBehaviour_B2A70BC3_96A8_0976_41D2_5D488499F001.url = files/275_0018_wilson_et_al_en.pdf PopupPDFBehaviour_B3D39832_96A8_3716_41DC_3639A34A43DD.url = files/Clemens_en.pdf PopupPDFBehaviour_1933EF8C_0620_30FD_4193_449213DA0F4B.url = files/Farina%202012_en.pdf PopupPDFBehaviour_B5C6955A_96A8_1916_41AA_DFCC37DCC7CE.url = files/Farina%202012_en.pdf PopupPDFBehaviour_24D1DD00_0620_31E5_4197_A8D78A9A3F28.url = files/White%20and%20black%20minimalist%20professional%20about%20the%20team%20presentation%20%20(2)_en.pdf PopupPDFBehaviour_B3E0E00A_96A8_36F6_41D2_E972052B5FAC.url = files/jordaan1995_en.pdf PopupPDFBehaviour_B039D399_96A8_3912_41E0_6D2ABE5C00F6.url = files/ramphaka_origin_2013_en.pdf PopupPDFBehaviour_20DE66B2_0620_7025_4195_4E9A898E6916.url = files/ramphaka_origin_2013_en.pdf ### URL PopupWebFrameBehaviour_35A0FF55_05B5_38D5_4185_DFB9F388A0AF.url = https://cimera.co.za/ LinkBehaviour_2AEA919A_0782_A472_4190_AC9EFEC79F70.source = https://media.hhmi.org/biointeractive/earthviewer_web/earthviewer.html PopupWebFrameBehaviour_2DBF47A3_0329_9322_417D_D253518EAD10.url = https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m14!1m12!1m3!1d1058.1735751291017!2d18.337266306157954!3d-34.009584758374075!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!5e1!3m2!1sen!2sza!4v1760963359099!5m2!1sen!2sza PopupWebFrameBehaviour_2E3FAB62_0329_9322_4179_B949A1E4FE6A.url = https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m14!1m12!1m3!1d374.47021696639655!2d18.37564190995935!3d-33.930208979637236!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!5e1!3m2!1sen!2sza!4v1760963268118!5m2!1sen!2sza PopupWebFrameBehaviour_27438848_012B_9D6E_4177_2F98A756A238.url = https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d1066.2651608664332!2d18.147377039654724!3d-33.35470936327357!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x1dcca5de62478bb5%3A0x95ec5f9e40710cce!2sSchaap%20Island!5e1!3m2!1sen!2sza!4v1760962894210!5m2!1sen!2sza PopupWebFrameBehaviour_2E783897_0328_7DE2_4181_D225C5BADE52.url = https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d754.0303365312852!2d18.14926514332858!3d-33.34697234116241!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x1dcca5e65dcd0d39%3A0x570a64b7830eff0c!2sYzerfontein%20Harbour!5e1!3m2!1sen!2sza!4v1760963040313!5m2!1sen!2sza PopupWebFrameBehaviour_363492C5_064F_6835_4195_AB85FE24445C.url = https://www.uwc.ac.za/ ## E-Learning ### Answer questionOption_B978DA56_96E8_0B1E_41CB_9886B5148787.text = I-type granite derived from mantle sources. questionOption_BA2128AA_96E8_1736_41D6_00A6E5699495.text = Mafic enclaves are completely solidified restite crystals, while xenoliths are late-stage hydrothermal veins. questionOption_B973AC63_96E8_0F36_41C4_C5720AACFFDC.text = A-type granite linked to anorogenic settings. questionOption_B199107C_96A8_3712_41CC_FCAA79FAA647.text = A. It was emplaced in one large event from a single magma body. questionOption_2FD1A840_0F95_28DA_41AB_1C1F9864BA51.text = Biotite questionOption_BA28C668_96E8_1B32_41D3_EDDF41F8968F.text = Both mafic enclaves and xenoliths represent the same type of material — fragments of older Malmesbury rocks. questionOption_3AAEA7B7_1089_4DB1_4182_07F2A3D883B4.text = Cape Fold Belt Orogeny questionOption_BAA05676_96E8_3B1E_41DA_B433441AA89F.text = Contamination by basaltic magma and magma mixing. questionOption_3B8AEEA4_108B_FE57_418C_4A0C72A6C136.text = Damara Orogeny questionOption_2F99F39E_0F8D_3866_41A9_E9CA222AE2E9.text = Diorite questionOption_B19AAC8F_96F8_0F0E_41E0_F2262C642D6F.text = Direct melting of local metasediments only questionOption_2DE46FB7_0F9B_67A6_41A9_37B5E999CE92.text = Epidote, Toumaline, Quartz, Pyrite questionOption_B18BDEA5_96F8_0B32_41E2_99E7EA6381A8.text = Fractionation of alkali basalts at shallow levels questionOption_B1CA0192_96A8_7916_41D2_CAADEAEDA77A.text = It formed by partial melting of the crust without any intrusion. questionOption_B1E63BAA_96A8_0936_41CD_8F5175BF4515.text = It formed from many small magma batches added over time. questionOption_B1C08456_96A8_7F1E_41CB_35B465439A32.text = It was created by solid-state deformation of older rocks. questionOption_B91F800B_96E8_36F6_41B2_6FFAA40656B2.text = M-type granite from mafic magmas. questionOption_BA37A450_96E8_1F12_41B8_CA0684970EC3.text = Mafic enclaves are fragments of country rock caught up during intrusion, while xenoliths are blobs of hybridized magma. questionOption_BA3E3209_96E8_1AF2_41E0_45484974CF33.text = Mafic enclaves are magmatic in origin, formed by mingling of mafic magma with granite, while xenoliths are pieces of the Malmesbury metasedimentary wall rock incorporated during intrusion. questionOption_B9F1A80F_97A8_770E_41DC_AA3BCF7E9277.text = Mafic intrusions older than the Cape Granite Suite. questionOption_B9D6B893_97A8_1716_41D8_C3E421BDB499.text = Mafic intrusions older than the Cape Granite Suite. questionOption_B8C0A3CF_97A8_190E_41C3_16E99BCBAA75.text = Mafic intrusions older than the Cape Granite Suite. questionOption_B9B8770D_97A8_3AF2_41E2_55DC864C8EC8.text = Mafic intrusions older than the Cape Granite Suite. questionOption_B9E1104F_97A8_170E_41C2_F3F0970CF135.text = Mafic intrusions older than the Cape Granite Suite. questionOption_B1CA8A87_96F8_0BFE_41D8_A8E280E8C868.text = Mantle-derived melts from an enriched mantle with minor crustal hybridisation questionOption_B1B8C0D4_96F8_1712_41D7_1CEAEB890C45.text = Metamorphic dehydration of the crust questionOption_0A6393B6_107B_C5B3_417B_18B2AE299594.text = Monozodiorite questionOption_2FBFB76B_0F95_18AE_4156_B780CC281323.text = Monzogranite questionOption_2F8AA15E_0F8D_38E6_4178_3177EE014BDA.text = Monzonite questionOption_3A2E9710_108A_CE4F_4197_46B63C139C2E.text = Namaqua-Natal Metamorphic Event questionOption_2FDE1CB4_0F95_29BA_4186_FF272285723E.text = Orthopyroxene questionOption_BA5A786B_96E8_3736_41D8_99258F499305.text = Partial melting of the host granite. questionOption_2D086E23_0F9B_28AE_4100_5ED4CE95F990.text = Pyrite. Calcite, Feldspar, Epidote questionOption_2FD78A9A_0F95_286E_4193_811099D2C4E3.text = Quartz Microsyenite questionOption_2DC28720_0F9B_385A_4179_9E86A55332AC.text = Quartz, Chlorite, Calcite, Biotite questionOption_B9654E3B_96E8_0B16_41AE_100608DF757A.text = S-type granite derived from sedimentary crust. questionOption_3A4C3B6C_108B_46D7_4193_9CBB81D1312D.text = Saldanian Orogeny questionOption_BA4F9C2E_96E8_0F0E_41D8_9134B35E56AA.text = Solid-state deformation during cooling. questionOption_09865B4E_107B_46D3_41A8_D1F538CB4441.text = Syenite questionOption_B07071DB_96F8_1916_41DB_1BE5CC52D61B.text = The I-type granites formed by melting of Yzerfontein rocks questionOption_B9F1B80F_97A8_770E_41E1_DA78C752A9F7.text = The Malmesbury Group metasedimentary rocks. questionOption_B9D6A893_97A8_1716_41D5_0843FB939B02.text = The Malmesbury Group metasedimentary rocks. questionOption_B9B8470D_97A8_3AF2_41B0_B402110B8CEA.text = The Malmesbury Group metasedimentary rocks. questionOption_B9E1004F_97A8_170E_41DA_2DFE6B30D6CB.text = The Malmesbury Group metasedimentary rocks. questionOption_A73E7596_97A8_191E_41E2_5A9B1BAC7C58.text = The Malmesbury Group metasedimentary rocks. questionOption_B9E1604F_97A8_170E_41C0_CD2583C6E8DF.text = The overlying sedimentary cover of the Table Mountain Group. questionOption_B9D68893_97A8_1716_41B4_7FD126A880DB.text = The overlying sedimentary cover of the Table Mountain Group. questionOption_B8D511E1_97A8_1932_41E2_C1E9DBAE648D.text = The overlying sedimentary cover of the Table Mountain Group. questionOption_B9F1980F_97A8_770E_41CB_E26BA45A6ACA.text = The overlying sedimentary cover of the Table Mountain Group. questionOption_B9B8670D_97A8_3AF2_4194_76B5899F0F88.text = The overlying sedimentary cover of the Table Mountain Group. questionOption_B8D98FC4_97A8_0972_41B2_628AD1B40A1E.text = The upper mantle beneath the Cape Peninsula. questionOption_B9D69893_97A8_1716_41CC_F86C5C9C983D.text = The upper mantle beneath the Cape Peninsula. questionOption_B9F1880E_97A8_770E_419C_6965AC309303.text = The upper mantle beneath the Cape Peninsula. questionOption_B9E1704F_97A8_170E_41DD_F74A75AF1B42.text = The upper mantle beneath the Cape Peninsula. questionOption_B9B8170D_97A8_3AF2_41B6_A0C2D0DFC529.text = The upper mantle beneath the Cape Peninsula. questionOption_B061C3DE_96F8_190E_41D9_624153C6EC49.text = They are chemically and isotopically different, so not directly related questionOption_B0EF3844_96F9_F772_41D1_766F57231721.text = They are the same and come from the same magma source questionOption_BA545A48_96E8_0B72_41D3_F48F59028EA1.text = Xenoliths from the surrounding Malmesbury rocks. questionOption_B1B1D916_96F8_091E_41D6_9834A57EA42F.text = Yzerfontein rocks are just weathered I-type granites ### Qualification calification_D48962BF_C26B_D633_41E5_20ED1E56317F.text = Fail calification_D4E67212_C268_71F2_41CA_BAC9A986F79D.text = Pass ### Question question_10721723_0F95_185D_419E_FE7A23AE4024.title = According Wilson et al. 2023, which type of felsic host rock encloses the monzonite and fine grained melonocratic enclaves at Schaap Island as shown in this 3D model? \ question_B0301102_96F8_36F6_41E2_7DF46B1DE667.title = According to Clemens et al. 2017 , How do the Yzerfontein rocks compare to the I-type granites of the Cape Granite Suite? question_B9F1F80E_97A8_770E_4173_EAB736E16B19.title = According to Ramphaka (2013), what was identified as the main source of the Peninsula Pluton granitic magma? question_B9D6E893_97A8_1716_41DC_79386396B4D1.title = According to Ramphaka (2013), what was identified as the main source of the Peninsula Pluton granitic magma? question_B9BFD70D_97A8_3AF2_41D4_3D7726BFCCE7.title = According to Ramphaka (2013), what was identified as the main source of the Peninsula Pluton granitic magma? question_B8A8F1D2_97A8_7916_41D4_555E50E17FF5.title = According to Ramphaka (2013), what was identified as the main source of the Peninsula Pluton granitic magma? question_B9E1404F_97A8_170E_41D8_40A8928DCA36.title = According to Ramphaka (2013), what was identified as the main source of the Peninsula Pluton granitic magma? question_BA5A56D7_96E8_3B1E_41E2_31A860EDBDF8.title = In the Peninsula Pluton, what is the main difference between mafic enclaves and Malmesbury rock xenoliths? \ \ \ question_3A572506_108F_4253_4184_44E951F83A5F.title = The intrusion of the Cape Granite Suite occurred during which orognic event? question_1044C06B_0F8D_78AE_4190_3C09A6A249F8.title = What is the rock type cross-cut by hydrothermal quartz veins in this 3D model? \ \ question_BA8CE8A0_96E8_1732_41D8_211FBC90F2A0.title = What do the mafic enclaves in the Peninsula Pluton at Llandudno indicate? question_B26CFBB3_96A8_0916_41C6_B4DC8144FFD6.title = What does Farina et al. (2012) suggest about how the Peninsula Pluton formed? question_B1C14F3A_96F8_090B_41A0_29F9871BB6EC.title = What is the main origin that Clemens et al., 2017 propose for the Yzerfontein magmas? question_B9BCC2DC_96E8_3B12_41DC_1B82BCABE587.title = What type of granite does the Peninsula Pluton mainly represent? question_2E09EAED_0F9A_E9AA_41AE_E5F63F83578B.title = Which minerals are present in the hydrothermal vein shown, as mentioned by Prof Bailie? ### Question Screen quizQuestion_D628B605_C268_B1D7_41D5_72FA9149772C.ok = OK ### Report Screen quizScore_D6208605_C268_B1D7_41E7_0823C9E6F811.title = - SCORE - quizScore_D6208605_C268_B1D7_41E7_0823C9E6F811.completion = Completed quizScore_D6208605_C268_B1D7_41E7_0823C9E6F811.questionsCorrect = Correct quizScore_D6208605_C268_B1D7_41E7_0823C9E6F811.downloadCSV = Download .csv quizScore_D6208605_C268_B1D7_41E7_0823C9E6F811.questionsIncorrect = Incorrect quizScore_D6208605_C268_B1D7_41E7_0823C9E6F811.items = Items Found quizScore_D6208605_C268_B1D7_41E7_0823C9E6F811.questions = Questions quizScore_D6208605_C268_B1D7_41E7_0823C9E6F811.repeat = Repeat quizScore_D6208605_C268_B1D7_41E7_0823C9E6F811.submitToLMS = Submit quizScore_D6208605_C268_B1D7_41E7_0823C9E6F811.elapsedTime = Time ### Score Name score1.label = Quiz ### Timeout Screen quizTimeout_D655B604_C268_B1D5_41C1_ED65F80607EF.title = - TIMEOUT - quizTimeout_D655B604_C268_B1D5_41C1_ED65F80607EF.repeat = Repeat quizTimeout_D655B604_C268_B1D5_41C1_ED65F80607EF.score = View Score ## Hotspot ### Text HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_2C0CD341_05D7_282D_4184_6A0BB0CFE63B.text = Llandudno HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_2196DEF5_05F7_39D5_4191_C0795552E1B5.text = Llandudno HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_2A689A2C_0620_D03D_4181_92BCFD265391.text = Llandudno HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_1489CC5E_0F9E_CD6E_417A_C0B4E6625B62.text = Schaap \ Island HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_2115D5B8_05F7_E85B_4195_C52D15FB31A0.text = Schaap Island HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_2FA3DC24_0620_502D_4187_867E74D8AD1A.text = Schaap Island HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_2F873FBA_05DB_185F_4139_9F1C2951CBC0.text = Victoria Road HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_2FA698F3_0620_502B_4181_9966F685B5D0.text = Victoria Road HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_21DDDAE2_05F7_79EF_416A_6CC0BF270AB6.text = Victoria Road HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_2FF100A5_0620_302F_4199_9ADA79CB268D.text = Yzerfontein \ Harbour HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_2D18BE2D_0621_D03F_4183_A485E3D1583A.text = Yzerfontein \ Harbour HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_EBA42761_F508_C997_41E2_63A080240B5D.text = Yzerfontein Harbour ## Media ### Image imlevel_20472968_0782_E4DE_417F_68706192236C.url = media/panorama_34A0FB8F_0369_F3E2_4176_292184E79A6A_HS_8guk8343_en.png imlevel_20581694_0782_EC76_4196_70B36D7DDE17.url = media/panorama_34A0FB8F_0369_F3E2_4176_292184E79A6A_HS_ti3h959c_en.png imlevel_205D53C2_0782_EBD2_4193_7017ADED5CC3.url = 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WELCOME TO THE


CAPE GRANITE & MALMESBURY SHALE VIRTUAL TOUR


Explore the beauty of the South Western Cape through this immersive experience. Once you’re ready, you can begin the tour and take the interactive quiz — but note that the quiz may only be attempted once.


You’ll have 30 minutes to complete the tour once you start. Take your time to explore, then begin when you’re ready.
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Which of the outcrops has


FINER GRAIN GRANITE?


BE SURE ABOUT YOUR CHOICE BEFORE CLICKING, AS YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO RESELECT.
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Which of the outcrops has


MAGMATIC LAYERING?


BE SURE ABOUT YOUR CHOICE BEFORE CLICKING, AS YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO RESELECT.
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Which of the outcrops is a


LEUCOCRATIC DYKE?


BE SURE ABOUT YOUR CHOICE BEFORE CLICKING, AS YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO RESELECT.
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Which of the outcrops show


PORPHYRITIC GRANITE?


BE SURE ABOUT YOUR CHOICE BEFORE CLICKING, AS YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO RESELECT.
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IDENTIFY THE FLAME STRUCTURE SHOWN IN THE PANORAMA




THIS STRUCTURE WAS SHOWN IN AN IMAGE AND VIDEO MADE AVAILABLE ON THIS TOUR PRIOR TO YOUR QUIZ INTIATION.
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WELCOME TO THE


SOUTH WESTERN CAPE VIRTUAL TOUR


Explore the beauty of the South Western Cape through this immersive experience. Once you’re ready, you can begin the tour and take the interactive quiz — but note that the quiz may only be attempted once.


You’ll have 30 minutes to complete the tour once you start. Take your time to explore, then begin when you’re ready.
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Which of the two outcrops has


COURSE GRAINED GRANITE?


BE SURE ABOUT YOUR CHOICE BEFORE CLICKING, AS YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO RESELECT.
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Explore the beauty of the South Western Cape through this immersive experience. Once you’re ready, you can begin the tour and take the interactive quiz — but note that the quiz may only be attempted once.
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Bailie, R. and Weber, B., 2024. Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the Bloubergstrand basaltic andesites, Tygerberg Formation, Malmesbury Group, Pan-African Saldania Belt, southwestern Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 127(1), pp.95-116.


Geological Society of South Africa Western Cape Branch. (2024). Geodyssey web map.


Kirkpatrick, J., Bentley, C., Blisniuk, K., Rowe, C., Wakabayashi, J. (2019). Streetcar 2 Subduction.


Lambert, C.W., Gervais, F., Crowley, J., Kavanagh-Lepage, C., Moukhsil, A. (2022). Transect of a Large Hot Orogen: A novel virtual tour through the Grenville Province of Western Quebec.


Mead, C., Bruce, G., Taylor, W., Buxner, S., Anbar, A.D. (2022). Gamifying virtual exploration of the past 350 million years of vertebrate evolution. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 7, p. 836783). Frontiers Media SA.


Rowe C., Kirkpatrick, J., Blisniuk, K., Bentley, C. (2020). Creating Geological Field Trips with the Google Earth Creation Tools. eartharxiv.org.


Wilson, S., Bailie, R., Harris, C., Dunn, S., Silinda, V. and Lembede, S.N., 2023. The origin, nature and fluid characteristics of the hydrothermal veining crosscutting the Yzerfontein gabbro-diorite, Cape Granite Suite, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 126(3), pp.275-294.
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The focus of this and other VFTs produced by the Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape (UWC), is to preserve South Africa' s geoheritage, advance geotourism, and most importantly, to support higher education.


We gratefully acknowledge support from the Department of Science, Technology and Innovation through its funding agency, the National Research Foundation, and the Centre of Excellence for Integrated Mineral and Energy Resource Analysis (DSTI-NRF CIMERA) (Grant UID: 91487).


Authors: Dr Charl Cilliers, Prof Jan van Bever Donker and Mr Ludfi van Vollenhoven, with key contributions from Prof Russell Bailie, Mr Dewan Isaacs, Mr Rudy Maart (all UWC), and Mr Ruben Sinclair.


Copyright (2025): Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Science, UWC, Bellville, South Africa.
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The geology of the Southwestern Cape, South Africa, reveals a rich tapestry of magmatism, sedimentation, and deformation tied to Pan‑African and Cape orogenic events. At Cape Columbine and Yzerfontein, the Cape Granite Suite was emplaced around 540–535 Ma. The Cape Columbine Granite exhibits ductile–brittle shear fabrics linked to the Colenso Fault, while the Yzerfontein Pluton—a multiphase intrusion of gabbro, monzonite, and syenite—reveals deep-seated magmatic history.


Inland, Paarl Mountain is underlain by the coarse-grained Paarl Pluton, renowned for its spheroidal (onion-skin) weathering, whereas Simonsberg Mountain rests on the finer-grained Stellenbosch Pluton, which lacks such weathering but shows localised deformation fabrics associated with shear zones like the Colenso Fault, evidence of which may be observed within abandoned "silver mine" shafts near Pniel. At Simonsberg, the granite is capped by the early Ordovician Peninsula Formation—a thick, quartz-rich sediment of the Table Mountain Group—later folded during the Cape Orogeny.


In Cape Town, Kloof Neck between Table Mountain and Lion’s Head showcases Peninsula Formation sandstone overlying Cape Granite and Malmesbury Group metasediments, both at Table Mountain and at Lion's Head. At Kloof Neck Quarry, we focus on the relationships and contact metamorphic features (such as aplite dykes) between the Malmesbury Group host rocks and plutonic Cape Granites.
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At Victoria Road, which was constructed between between 1849 and 1850, the geology is characterised by complex intrusive relationships within the Cape Granite bodies. As a result the granites here show varied textures, including "flame structures" and evidence of multiple intrusive phases.


The famous Sea Point Contact, visited by Charles Darwin in 1836, marks the sharp intrusive boundary where Cape Granite thermally metamorphosed Malmesbury Shales, with strain and contact-metamorphic studies highlighting, amongst others, oblate deformation adjacent to the contact.


At Llandudno, the Peninsula Granite displays coarse-grained textures with visible feldspar, quartz, and biotite crystals, and even garnet within metamorphic xenoliths! These granites are notably weathered, forming distinctive rounded corestones and exhibiting spheroidal weathering patterns. This weathering is attributed to the granite's mineral composition and the region's climatic conditions (hot dry summers; cold wet winters), leading to the formation of distinctive boulders and rock formations characteristic of this beautiful area.
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Click on the button below, and watch the tutorial to learn how to navigate through the site.


Then go to "Ancient Earth" at the bottom left hand corner of your screen, and move the slider to roughly 560 million years ago (Ma), to see how the world looked during deposition of the Malmesbury Group within the Adamastor Sea. Rotate the globe until you see Johannesburg, and the present outline of South Africa. Things looked very different back then. From 540 to 515 Ma, you can use the "Paleo Earth" tab to see how the world, and the coastline of South Africa looked when the Cape Granite Suite was being emplaced during the Saldanian Orogeny. Move the slider from 490 to 400 Ma, and you will note plate tectonic movements, polar ice cap extents, as well as sea level rises and falls during the extended period of time that it took for the Table Mountain Group of sediments to be deposited in the Agulhas Sea. Moving through the late Carboniferous, Permian to (early) Triassic stages one can see that Sough Africa was positioned near the South Pole, with extensive polar ice caps coeval with Dwyka Group (Karoo Supergroup) emplacement, as well as the Karoo Sea bisecting South Africa and South America during Ecca Group (also Karoo Supergroup) deposition. Take it all the way up to the present day to see how things have changed.


For extra insight, under the "view" tab, click on "coastlines" to "fix" the present positions and shapes of the continents in place, while you navigate back and forth. Pay particular attention to the "Geological Carbon Cycle" and "Plate Tectonics" tabs under "In Depth". If you would like to learn more, feel free to search and peruse the references under the "Teachers" tab at the bottom of the page.
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We, Charl D. Cilliers, Jan M. van Bever Donker and Ludfi A. van Vollenhoven of the University of the Western Cape (South Africa), are pleased to introduce a new virtual field trip (VFT) of critically important geological outcrops stretching from Cape Columbine near Paternoster on the West Coast of South Africa to Llandudno Beach in Cape Town.
Several of these sites have long been used for training undergraduate students in geological fieldwork. However, field excursions are challenging, especially when class sizes are large, and trips are becoming prohibitively expensive for many students. Furthermore, partly because of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic, there has been an ever-increasing need for VFTs to supplement traditional field excursions.


As a result, this VFT has been created to document, generate interest and to aid scientific understanding of these key outcrops by professionals, students, and the public.


We are currently developing visual access to many other sites of geological and/or cultural-historical significance throughout South Africa. We therefore welcome you to this VFT where you will experience in a new way, amongst many geological features such as exquisite examples of hydrothermal veining crosscutting gabbro-diorite of the Cape Granite Suite!


Each stop includes interactive 360 degree VFT "nodes". In each tour node the panoramic images were, for the most part, taken with a DJI Mavic 3 Pro Cine drone. Included in each node, along with more detailed imagery, links to scientific publications, and video explanations, are drone and Apple iPhone 15-created 3D models of, for example, exquisite magmatic enclaves of the Malmesbury Shale at Schaap Island, Yzerfontein.



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Schaap Island
Ysterfontein, South Africa
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Victoria Road
Cape Town, South Africa
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Llandudno
Cape Town, South Africa
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Schaap Island
Yzterfontein, South Africa
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Yzerfontein
Harbour
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Llandudno
Cape Town, South Africa
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Schaap Island
Yzerfontein, South Africa
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Victoria Road
Cape Town, South Africa
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Victoria Road
Cape Town, South Africa
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Yzterfontein
Harbour
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Explore the beauty of the South Western Cape through this immersive experience.
Once you’re ready, you can begin the tour and take the interactive quiz — but note that the quiz may only be attempted once.
## Tour ### Description ### Title tour.name = Cape Granite and Malmesbury Shale VFT